Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1398 Words

In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the main character Scout Finch lives with her brother, Jem, and their father, Atticus Finch, who is a lawyer in the southern Alabama town of Maycomb. They also have a black maid Calpurnia which allows the children to see that black people aren’t so different and thus they do not have the racial bias unlike most of the people in their town. The setting is also very important to note that around the Great Depression southern America was still heavily racist. During one of their many summers, Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who has come to live in their neighborhood for the summer and the three bond and play games together. Dill becomes interested in the ominous house that contains a mysterious†¦show more content†¦Scout and Jem’s innocence are slowly deteriorating as they ponder the reason why so many people hate black people so much even though they’re so similar to them. Tom Robinson’s trial begins and with high tensions of the defending of a nigger, Tom Robinson is approached by an angry mob with the intention of lynching him, until Scout saw a familiar face and reminded them of their humanity and showed them how inhumane they were by simply talking about Mr. Cunningham’s son, â€Å" Mr. Cunningham, whose face was equally impassive...’I’ll tell him you said hey, let’s clear out,’ he called.†(Lee 175) Thus Robinson’s life was spared from the mob. At the trial Jem and Scout watch from a â€Å"colored† balcony as Atticus provides clear and cut evidence that may prove Robinson innocent and that Mayella Ewell and her father, Bob were lying and trying to cover up something. It is thought that caught by her father. Mayella blamed Tom of raping her and in shame coupled by the forceful coercion of her father guiltily testified against him. Atticus displays incriminating evidence of the way her beatings meant that only Bob could h ave hit her since Tom had a cripple hand yet, sadly, despite the paramount amount of evidence directing towards Tom’s innocence, the all-white jury convicts him. Tom later tries to escape jail but is then shot down. Many mourn the loss

Teaching for Cultural Diversity A Reflective Paper

Reflective Paper: Teaching for Cultural Diversity July 06, 2012 Reflective Paper: Teaching for Cultural Diversity Topic 1: What does it mean to be other in Australia? I am very proud Australian native that happens to be able to speak two languages. Most people would call this special ability bilingual. However, as someone that has grown up in the country, I dont not take both back grounds lightly and most certainly do not agree with the idea of having to just forget about my first language and culture. For years, I have lived in a house where various kinds of food were eaten. We spoke different languages and also had all types of music to listen to. My grandparents adored me and to them I was there little one who loved to talk to them in their native language. As I grew older, I had some issues with my language but in the end I was still considered to be an Australian and was very proud of it After reading the first Australian by Bell Vidal, it suddenly dawned on me how I could relate first hand when it comes to trying to assimilate into a culture. The Dominguez family in the article was so similar to my own. A like those, my family in Australia either by choice or by condition, fell into the group of migrants who incline to hold onto their cultural individualities. But even if my family had actively tried to assimilate there probably back then in those days was not such a thing as a complete assimilation to be possible for first generation migrants who come from aShow MoreRelatedBeyond Awareness : Preparing Culturally Responsive1662 Words   |  7 Pagescourses in multicultural education that was aimed at teaching preservice teachers about diversity in the classroom. 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Financial Services Strategic Development – A Long Term View

Question: Describe about the Financial Services Strategic Development for A Long Term View. Answer: Introduction This report aims to analyze the strategic development at Marks and Spencer. The study not only analyzes the current strategic development of the company, but it also evaluates the past strategic development that had taken place in the same organization over the last 5 years. At the same time, the future strategic direction has also been identified. The study begins with a discussion on the past strategic developments and the changes and thereafter identifies the changes. After that the current strategic development trends are analyzed the report identifies the future strategic development direction based on the past and present development. The study ends with the conclusion, which is derived by considering the overall findings of the study. Evaluating the recent strategic development history Marks and Spencer belongs to the retail industry in the United Kingdom. The company has been operating a successful business over the last 132 years (Marksandspencer.com 2016). The company was established in the year of 1884 and currently, it has spread its wings in different countries in this world. As per the latest information, the company has earned 10300 billion revenue and net profit of 481.7 million (Marksandspencer.com 2016). This long life span and huge success of Marks and Spencer clearly indicates that it has developed its business from time-to-time by improving its operational and other business strategies (Marksandspencer.com 2016). If the strategic movements of the company are seen for last ten years, then it can be easily identified that the company has always focused on the sustainability. It always tried hard to maintain its sustainability standard. Freear (2015) stated that the company has mainly taken three strategies in the past years sustainable use of resources, promoting social equality and providing healthy lifestyle. These three key strategies were the main influencer of Marks and Spencers success. As per 2012s data, the company has reduced the waste level at Zero, which was very difficult to achieve (Islam 2016). However, the best strategic step taken by Marks and Spencer in last 5 years is Plan A. Plan A was introduced by the company in the year of 2010, by keeping the natural and environmental concerns in mind. Toms and Zhang (2016) mentioned that before 2010, the higher management of the company identified that the people in the UK and in other countries are becoming more conscious about the environmental factors and the environmental issues caused by the business operations are the biggest challenge for the company. The Plan A strategy of the company included 180 commitments to fight against the environmental issues (Morgan, Tallontire and Foxon 2015). However, after few days, the company again added 80 more commitments to the existing commitments. The commitments of Plan A were mainly focused on five factors and these were climate change, natural resources, health and wellbeing of the society, waste and fair partner (Wilson 2015). The management at Marks and Spencer identified that climate change is a big environmental issue and main reason behind is the emission of greenhouse gases. The company, before introducing Plan A, already reduced the carbon emission by 8% in 2006-07 and aimed to achieve the energy efficiency by 35% till 2015 (Purvis 2015). In case of waste reduction, the company reduced the waste level by 16% in 2010 after introducing Plan A and achieved 88% recycling level. On the other side, Gray (2015) commented that the Plan A of the company included the use of natural resources as the raw materials of the products. The company included 62% sea food and palm oil in its product range. In Plan A, Marks and Spencer aimed to strengthen its relationship with the communities ensuring better working environment. This particular strategic step brought the employee turnover rate at 14% which was the lowest employee turnover rate in the retail industry in the UK (Bright et al. 2015). As per the commitment i n Plan A, the company encouraged the people and the employees to live a healthy life by having healthy foods. Morgan (2015) noted that in the year 2011, the company that is Marks and Spencer concentrated on expanding its market. The higher authority of the company took the decision to sell food products along with the Cloths in the international market. The company emphasized on producing higher quality food products as per the tastes and preferences of the customers. The company always gave high priority to the differences in the tastes and preferences of the people in different countries (Ahmed 2016). In the same year, the company opened several food outlets in France and other countries (Marksandspencer.com 2016). The company invested huge amounts of money in restructuring the stores and outlets. The business expansion and store restructuring of the company continued till 2012. At this time, the primary strategic aim of the company was to make the financial health stronger than before (Angeles 2016). As stated before, sustainability is always the main strategic motto of Marks and Spencer and it was very important to take care of the financial health of the company. At the same time, the company also concentrated on the environmental issues as well. The carbon emission was reduced by a remarkable percentage that is 28% (DesAutels et al. 2015). In 2013, the company again concentrated on the Plan A. The management of the company mainly emphasized on building better relationship with the society or communities (Janda et al. 2015). Several corporate social responsibility activities had been undertaken by the company. Some of the CSR activities were providing placements to the physically disabled people, influencing the people towards green concept and many others. The company concentrated on improving its supply chain in the year 2014. The company took the strategy to provide fair wages to the workers engaged with the supply chain of the company (Jones, Comfort and Hillier 2015). At the same time, the company always made the working hours fixed for the supply chain employees. The company engaged itself with the suppliers who work ethically. The same agenda continued till 2015. As per the 2015 annual report, the sustainable slogan of the company during 2015 was enhancing lives every day (Corporate.marksandspencer.com 2016). During this year, the company was highly focused on enhancing the quality of its products and services. In the above discussion, it has been identified that the main strategic motto of Marks and Spencer was maintaining the sustainability by solving the environmental issues. However, the discussion has also shown that in last five years the company has changed its strategic movements on year-to-year basis. In 2010, it made full concentration on solving the environmental issues; however, in 2011, its strategic aim moved towards business or market expansion. In 2012, the strategic aim of the company included both solving the environmental issues and business expansion. In 2013, the company focused on Plan A and tried to build a good relationship with the communities. The strategic motto of the company in 2014 was improving the supply chain and in 2015 the strategic aim was improving the products and service quality. Therefore, in each year, the company tried to improve its business. In other words, it can be said, that in order to improve the business performance and achieve sustainability, Marks and Spencer changed its strategic direction. However, as mentioned by Jones (2016), the only common factor present was solving the environmental issues in the society. Bek et al. (2016) noted that the strategic movement of the company has changed in the last few years in order to grab the future opportunities in the market. In support of this, Jones, Comfort and Hillier (2016) added that the reasons and effectiveness of the changes in the strategic movement of Marks and Spencer can be easily identified in the financial performance of the company. In 2010, the revenue of the company was 9536.6 billion, which increased to 10.554.6 billion in 2016 (Statista.com 2016). However, in this context, Peter, Daphne and David (2015) argued that the financial performance of Marks and Spencer in last five to six year s was not that much impressive in terms of clothing. In 2013-014, the clothing sale dropped by 2.5%. On the contrary, Daniel (2015) commented that the overall financial performance of the company has increased steadily. However, by evaluating all of the strategic movements of Marks and Spencer in the recent past, it can be said that the company has taken several unique and effective strategic steps, which have helped the company to develop its business more. The main reason behind the change in strategic movement was business development and creating a good corporate image in the national as well as international market. Analysing the current strategic situation Currently, Marks and Spencer is one of the largest retailers in UK as well as in the international market (Jones, Comfort and Hillier 2015). This indicates that the strategic position of the company is better and the macro environment of the company is favourable. However, Hearn (2016) stated that the actual condition of the macro environments and the competitive position of the company can be better understood with the help of Porters Five Forces and STEEPLE analysis. According to Savigny et al. (2015), these two tools are the best tools for analyzing the current strategic situation of a company. The analysis of the strategic situation of Marks and Spencer using Porters fiver forces and STEEPLE is stated below: Porters Five Forces analysis: Five Forces Current strategic situation Industry rivalry Industry rivalry is at high level in the UKs retail industry. Most of the companies in this particular industry are currently trying to diversify their business and due to that they are improving their performance day-by-day. This is actually enhancing their competitive strength. In this type of industry situation, Marks and Spencer also needs to take innovative strategies to survive in the market. Atkins et al. (2016) stated that the current strategic situation of Marks and Spencer is much competitive because the product range of the company is wide. The company always tries to differentiate its market position by proving higher quality products and services. However, recently, due to the increased market competition, the company has reduced the price range of its apparel (Rathnasiri et al. 2015). Therefore, on overall basis it can be said that the industry rivalry is very high for Marks and Spencer. Threats of new entrance Retail business requires huge investment to set up a store in the market like UK. Due to this, many entrepreneurs cannot start their business in the retail industry. However, this does not mean that there is no new organization in the UKs retail industry (Formnkov, Chldkov and Hanusov 2015). However, the number of new companies or new entrants is less. There is another reason behind this low number of new entrants and that is the high brand image of the existing companies. As Marks and Spencer is already a giant retailer in UK and international market, the threat of new entrance is low for the company (Gypteau, Otero and Kampouridis 2015). The high brand image of the company can easily compete with the new retail organizations. Threats of substitute products The product range of Marks and Spencer includes food and clothing items. There are many other organizations in UK and in other countries, which are also dealing with the same product range (Kennedy, Kapitan and Soo 2016). However, due to the high brand value, the competitive position of Marks and Spencer is also at good level, which makes the threats of substitute products moderate. Bargaining power of the suppliers The bargaining power of the suppliers of Marks and Spencer is low because the company itself is a high brand. The yearly turnover of the company is quite high and the company is listed under top 100 companies in United Kingdom (Slack and Munz 2016). Moreover, the business of the company is not that much dependent on the suppliers because the company mainly deals with the products of its own brand. However, the company needs to deal with the suppliers to get the raw materials for its products and in that case the company focuses on building good relationship with the suppliers (Peter, Daphne and David 2015). This helps the company to control the bargaining power of the suppliers. Bargaining power of the customers The bargaining power of the customers or the buyers is high because in the retail market, the customers are having number of alternative products, which are available at low price (Morgan, Tallontire and Foxon 2015). At the same time, customers always prefer the products as per their taste and preferences, which is ever changing. Therefore, the company needs to track on the changes in tastes and preferences of the customers. At the same time, as the competition in the market is high, the power of the customers becomes also high because the companies are agreed to reduce their price level to attract more customers. Table 1: Porters Five Forces Analysis (Source: Daniel 2015) STEEPLE analysis for Marks and Spencer: Factors Current situation of the factors Social factor Society in the United Kingdom is very fast moving. The people in these societies are always busy and they are highly dependent on ready to eat food products (Toms and Zhang 2016). Due to the hectic day-to-day schedule, people prefer to have sandwich and snacks more than the home made meal. In case of homemade meals, people want ready to cook ingredients. At the same time, the spending capacity of the people has increased with the increase in their income level. Due to this, people prefer to wear better quality clothes. Therefore, for companies like, Marks and Spencer, the social factor of the macro environment is favourable. Technological factor The UK is a technologically advanced country. In this country, the maximum companies try to use better technology to improve their performance. The use of technology is high in the retail sector of the country. At the same time, the advanced technology infrastructure is easily available for the companies. The companies can easily sell their products online. The companies like, Marks and Spencer is currently focusing on online sales and the online sales growth of the company has reached to high level (Rathnasiri et al. 2015). On the other hand, the country is also trying to improve the technological infrastructure more in order to make the business activities easier to operate. Therefore, from the technological point of view, the macro environment is favourable for Marks and Spencer. Economic factor After the credit crunch in the international or global economy, the economy of the United Kingdom has been also affected. The economic downturn of the country affected the income level of the people, which ultimately affected the financial performance of the companies. However, recently, the UK economy has improved than before. In the words of Gypteau, Otero and Kampouridis (2015), the condition of the UK economy has not been improved much after the negative effects of credit crunch or global financial crisis and this may affect the financial performance of Marks and Spencer. In support of this, Savigny et al. (2015) mentioned that the high price of the products of Marks and Spencer may be the main barrier for the business growth of the company because the purchasing capacity of the people has decreased. This indicates that the economic factor is negative for Marks and Spencer. Environmental factor Environmental issues are becoming the main macro environment issues in not only the UK but in the international market. The government and the companies are trying to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. As per the current environmental situation in the United Kingdom, it can be said that waste level of the country needs to be decreased as soon as possible and at the same time, the companies in the country needs to take special care to maintain the pollution at low level (Jones, Comfort and Hillier 2015). However, in case of Marks and Spencer, the management has taken several steps to solve the environmental issues. The Plan A taken by the company is one of the great step in this context. Due to this, the brand image of Marks and Spencer has been improved in the national as well as international market. Therefore, from the environmental point of view, it can be said that the macro environment of Marks and Spencer is more or less favourable. Political factor The political environment in the UK is more or less stable, which is good for the companies operating their business in the UK market. Trade barriers in the country have decreased at a high level, due to which the business operations became easier for the companies. At the same time, the government of the company has also reduced the corporation tax by 2% that is the corporation tax reduced from 30% to 28%, which is very helpful to reduce the cost level of the companies especially for the big companies (Corporate.marksandspencer.com 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the political environment is favourable for Marks and Spencer. Legal factor In the current scenario, the consumers are more knowledgeable regarding their rights and business regulations. Due to this, the companies needed to be more conscious regarding their business activities. There are several legislations in the UK for operating the business. The companies are bound to provide proper safety to the employees along with the wages and salaries. However, Marks and Spencer has maintained the legal guidelines of the country, which has made the legal factor favourable. Ethical factor Ethics is the most important part of the business in todays context. In UK the people are very conscious about the ethical rights of them. They avoid the products and services of the companies, which do not act ethically. However, in this context, Peter, Daphne and David (2015) stated that the business activity of Marks and Spencer follows each ethical guideline carefully. The company pays proper remuneration to its employees and at the same time, the company has shown its responsibility towards the society. Table 2: STEEPLE analysis (Source: Freear 2015) Therefore, from the above analysis through five forces and the STEEPLE model, it can be said that currently, the competitive environment of Marks and Spencer is more or less favourable. However, due to the economic downturn of the country in recent past, the company needs to take better strategies for the prices of its products and services. According to Hearn (2016), the current trend in the macro environment of the company clearly shows that the macro environment is improving day-by-day and at the same time, the competition in the market is also increasing. The political, social and technological factors have been changed and development is taking place in the macro environment. On the other side, the internal situation of the company is also much stable. The company is having good employee strength of 83069, which is an important factor behind the huge success of the company (Marksandspencer.com 2016). The high quality human resource of the company has helped the company to come up with unique strategies. At the same time, as the company has focused on using the natural resource as the raw materials of its products, which has also increased the current capabilities of the company. If the current internal situation of Marks and Spencer is analyzed by Resource Based View or RBV theory, then it can be said that the company is having the competitive advantage in the present context. As per last years annual report of the company, the total assets base of the company is 8196.1 million, which is better than many other companies in the same industry, while the intangible assets of the company are 858.2 million (Marksandspencer.com 2016). As per the analysis through the RBV theory, it can be said that the company needs to maintain its current competitive advantage position. Therefore, from the overall discussion on the current strategic situation of Marks and Spencer, it can be said that the company is at good strategic position. However, there are some factors that the company needs to take care off. The company has good resource strength, but as the competition in the market is high, it is the responsibility of the management of the company to maintain the current position (Marksandspencer.com 2016). As the industry rivalry is much high, the company can include new products in its product range. Along with that, the company also needs to introduce a new way of selling its products because most of the companies in the UKs retail industry are using online selling option (Jones, Comfort and Hillier 2015). Therefore, more innovative strategies are needed to be taken in future. At the same time, the company needs to maintain its commitments with respect to Plan A that the company had introduced in the recent past. Identifying strategic direction for the future In the above discussion, the past and current strategic situations of Marks and Spencer have been identified and analyzed. In the analysis of the strategic situation in the recent past, it can be said that the company has taken different effective strategies that have helped the organization to improve its market position. At the same time, the analysis of the companys present condition has shown that the current macro environment position is more or less favourable for operating the business successfully. However, the economic condition of the country has created a big challenge for the company. Considering the present and past strategic situation of Marks and Spencer, the following future strategic guidelines can be provided: Introduce new products: The current product range of the company includes two types of products clothing and foods. Currently, the company is gaining much profit from these two types of products. However, as per the current and past trends, it can be said that the competition in the market will increase more in the near future (Rathnasiri et al. 2015). Therefore, in order to compete in that high competitive market, the company will need to introduce new products along with new services. As the new product, the company can include the electronics goods like, video games, mobile phones and tablets. These products will be effective for improving the business performance of the company in the future competitive situation because the demand for the electronics items is showing an increasing trend (Toms and Zhang 2016). However, introduction of new products also needs more facilities and services because presently, the companies are emphasizing more on after sales services to attract the customers. Therefore, Marks and Spencer also needs to introduce good after sales service to survive in the future competitive market. Revise the price range of the products: As identified in the analysis of current market situation, the economic factor in the UK and other developed countries is not much favourable. The income level of the people in different countries has decreased due to the global financial crisis and credit crunch in the recent past that is in 2007-08 (Morgan, Tallontire and Foxon 2015). Due to this, the capacity of the people to purchase high priced products has decreased. Therefore, in this situation, if the company that is Marks and Spencer sets the price level of its products high, then it will be problematic for the company to sell the products, which will ultimately affect the financial performance of the company. Therefore, the company needs to reduce the price level of its products a bit so that people get attracted towards the products of the company. Maintain the commitments in Plan A: The above analysis regarding the strategic development of Marks and Spencer in the recent past has stated that Plan A was one of the most effective strategic movements of the company. The Plan A of the company has aimed to solve the environmental issues, which has helped the company to create a strong and positive brand image in the market (Slack and Munz 2016). Maintenance of the commitments of Plan A will help the company to build strong relationship with the people in the society as well as with the suppliers. As the people in UK are much conscious about the environment, they will be attracted to the company. Improve the current assets position: The future is uncertain and so it is very important for the company to build a strong financial background (Gypteau, Otero and Kampouridis 2015). The analysis of the current strategic situation of the company has mentioned that the company is operating in a highly competitive environment and there are many large companies in the UK retail industry. Therefore, it is quite possible that the company may face more competition in the near future and one of the most important ways to handle the high competitive situation is strengthening the assets base of the company. Therefore, the company needs to improve its current assets position. Innovation in existing products: The Company that is Marks and Spencer needs to bring some innovation in its existing products. For example, the existing products of the company include clothes, in which the company can bring innovation. The company can produce apparels with innovative and fashionable designs, which is unavailable in the products of other companies (Morgan, Tallontire and Foxon 2015). Therefore, it can be said that in order to make the future strong and sustainable, the company needs to take various strategic steps. The main assumption behind these strategic recommendations is the competition in the market will increase in the future. Therefore, it will be essential for the company that is Marks and Spencer, to undertake proper strategies to compete in the market. The recommendations like, innovative products, strong assets base and new products will help the company in handling the uncertain situation in the future. However, as the future is uncertain, it is sure that the company will need to bring some changes to cope with the uncertainties. In order to deal with the uncertain situation, the management of the company will need to implement proper leadership at the workplace. The company needs to make flexible future strategies so that they can face and handle any kind of certain change. Special focus of the company must be kept on solving the environmental issues because this has helped the company to improve its market position in the past years. Therefore, it can be said that the future of Marks and Spencer can be better if the company takes proper strategic decision at the right time and in right manner. Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that Marks and Spencer is one of the most well-performing retail organization in UK. The company is also very much successful in the international market. In the recent past, the company has taken a great strategic movement, which is named as Plan A. This Plan A, a strategic movement of the company was introduced in the year of 2010 and it has included many commitments that aim to solve the environmental issues in the society. The study has identified that the organization changed its strategic movements on a year-to-year basis. However, the main focus of its strategies was to maintain a sustainable position in the market. The study has also discovered that currently, the macro environmental factors of the company are in favour of its business except one factor that is the economic factor. However, the management can handle the situation by taking some effective strategic steps in future. Reference list: Ahmed, U., 2016. 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Corporate.marksandspencer.com. 2016. Home. [online] Available at: https://corporate.marksandspencer.com/ [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016]. Daniel, H., 2015. The impact of the marketing environment: Greggs.Docs. school Publications. DesAutels, P., Berthon, P., Caruana, A. and Pitt, L.F., 2015. The impact of country connectedness and cultural values on the equity of a countrys workforce: A cross-country investigation.Cross Cultural Management,22(1), pp.2-20. Formnkov, S., Chldkov, H. and Hanusov, N., 2015. Organic production as a trend in wine industry?The case of Czech Republic and New Zealand. Freear, J., 2015.Marks and Spencer and the social history of food c. 1950-1980, with particular reference to the relationship between consumer behaviour and retailing strategies(Doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds). Gray, J.A., 2015.Business, the Environment and the Consumer 1968-1992: The Case of Marks and Spencer(Doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds). Gypteau, J., Otero, F.E. and Kampouridis, M., 2015, April. Generating directional change based trading strategies with genetic programming. InEuropean Conference on the Applications of Evolutionary Computation(pp. 267-278). Springer International Publishing. Hearn, J., 2016. Implications of Recent Developments in e-Commerce for Universal Service Providers and the USO. InThe Future of the Postal Sector in a Digital World(pp. 43-58). Springer International Publishing. Islam, K., 2016. Can Ethical Business Strategy Influence Consumers Buying Behavior and Loyalty: Marks and Spencer PLC?.Available at SSRN. Janda, K.B., Patrick, J., Granell, R., Bright, S., Wallom, D. and Layberry, R., 2015, June. A WICKED approach to retail sector energy management. InProceedings of ECEEE Summer Study(pp. 1-6). Jones, P., 2016. Materiality in corporate sustainability reporting: A research note on the UK's leading food retailers.International Journal of Management Cases,18(3). Jones, P., Comfort, D. and Hillier, D., 2015. SUSTAINABILITY AND THE UK'S LEADING RETAILERS/ODRZIVOST I VODECI TRGOVCI NA MALO U UJEDINJENOM KRALJEVSTVU.Trziste= Market,27(1), p.93. Jones, P., Comfort, D. and Hillier, D., 2016. Materiality in corporate sustainability reporting within UK retailing.Journal of Public Affairs,16(1), pp.81-90. Kennedy, A.M., Kapitan, S. and Soo, S., 2016. Eco-warriors: Shifting sustainable retail strategy via authentic retail brand image.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),24(2), pp.125-134. Marksandspencer.com. 2016. Welcome to Marks Spencer. [online] Available at: https://www.marksandspencer.com/ [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016]. Morgan, E., 2015. Analysing Business Model Innovation for Sustainable Consumption in Mass-Market Clothes Retailing.New Business Models for Sustainable Fashion: A Special Theme Issue of The Journal of Corporate Citizenship (Issue 57),57, p.73. Morgan, E., Tallontire, A. and Foxon, T.J., 2015. Large UK retailers' initiatives to reduce consumers' emissions: a systematic assessment.Journal of Cleaner Production. Peter, J., Daphne, C. and David, H., 2015. Sustainability and the UKs Leading Retailers.Market-TrÃ…Â ¾ite,27(1). Purvis, M., 2015. Direction and discretion: the roles of centre and branch in the interwar management of Marks and Spencer.History of Retailing and Consumption,1(1), pp.63-81. Rathnasiri, U.A.H.A., Rajapakse, R.M.D.A.P., Perera, H.A.P.L., Aruppala, W.D.N., Kaushalya, M.D.P., Thilakarathna, W.D.N., de Silva, N.M.T. and Kumara, N., 2015. Change Driven to Success Case Study on Screenline Holdings (Pvt) Ltd, Sri Lanka. Savigny, H., Thorsen, E., Jackson, D. and Alexander, J. eds., 2015.Media, Margins and Popular Culture. Springer. Slack, R. and Munz, M., 2016. Intellectual capital reporting, leadership and strategic change.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,17(1), pp.61-83. Statista.com. 2016. Statista - The Statistics Portal for Market Data, Market Research and Market Studies. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/ [Accessed 1 Sep. 2016]. Toms, S. and Zhang, Q., 2016. Marks Spencer and the Decline of the British Textile Industry, 19502000.Business History Review,90(01), pp.3-30. Wilson, J.P., 2015. The triple bottom line: Undertaking an economic, social, and environmental retail sustainability strategy.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(4/5), pp.432-447.

Humanities Art and Visual Arts Essay Example For Students

Humanities: Art and Visual Arts Essay Graphic Arts Broadly, this term covers any form visual artistic representation, especially painting, drawing, photography, and the like or in which portrayals of forms and humbly are recorded on two-dimensional surface. Renters also use the term graphic art to describe all process and products of the printing industry. B. Plastic Arts This group includes all fields of the visual arts in which material are organized into three-dimensional forms. 2. Literature The art Of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic and emotional appeal is called literature. 3. Drama and Theater A drama or play is a story re-created by actors on a stage in front of an audience. 4. Music The art of arranging sounds in rhythmic succession and generally in combination, Melody results from this sequence and harmony from the combinations. Music is both a creative and a performing art. The common forms are song, march, fugue, sonata, suite, fantasy, concerto and symphony. S. Dance Dance involves the movement of the body and the feet in rhythm. Some important types include ethnological, social or ballroom dances, ballet, modern and musical comedy. Method of Presenting of Arts Subject I. Realism In painting this is the attempt to portray the subject as it is. Even when the artist chooses a subject from nature, he selects, changes, and arranges details to express the idea he wants to make it clear. Realists to be as objective as possible. Here the artists main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what is observed through the senses. However, in the process of selecting and presenting his material, he cannot help being influenced by what he feels or thinks. 2. Abstraction It means to move away or separate. Abstract art moves away from showing things as they really are, The painter or artist paints the picture not as it really coked. The picture is not just like elite. It is not realistic. This is used when the artist becomes so interested in one phase of a scene or a situation the he does not show the subject at all as an objective reality, but only his idea or his feeling about it. 3. Symbolism A symbol in general is a visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or a quality. It can be simply an emblem or sign like: % to represent percent, a lion to represent courage, a Iamb to represent meekness. 4. Fauvism This was the first important art movement of the 190s. E fauves flourished as a group only from about 1903 to 1907 but their style greatly influenced many later artists. Henry Matisse led the movement and other important fauves included And © Derail, Rural Duffy, George Royally, all from France. 5. Dadaism A protest movement in the arts was formed in 1916 by a group of artist and poets in Zurich, Switzerland. The Dadaist reacted to what they believed were outworn traditions in art, and the evils they saw in society, 6. Surrealism This movement in art and literature was founded in Paris in 1924 by the French tot Andre Breton. 7. Expressionism A manner of painting and sculpting in which natural forms and colors are distorted and exaggeratedly method was introduced in Germany during the first decade of the twentieth century that is characterized chiefly by heavy, often BLACK lines that define form sharply contrasting over the vivid colors. 8. Impressionism A style of painting developed in the last third of the 19th century characterized by short brisk strokes Of bright color to create the impressionism Of light on objects. It portrays the effect of experienced upon the consciousness of the artist and audience. .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d , .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .postImageUrl , .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d , .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d:hover , .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d:visited , .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d:active { border:0!important; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d:active , .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc87558088b51ea12740652fef7566c0d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Struggle for the Soul of Arthur Dimmesdale EssayElements Of Visual Art 1. Line It is an important element at the disposal of every artist. Through the lines of painting or sculpture, the artist can make us know what the work is about. Line always have direction. They are always moving. Lines, as used in any work of art, may either be straight or curved. 2. Color Of all the elements of art, color has the most aesthetic appeal. Delight in color is a universal human characteristics, Color is a property of light. The light Of the UN contains all the colors of the spectrum: violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. These colors are so blended that they yield no sensation of color. 3. Texture It is a color element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular. Texture is best appreciated when an object is felt with the hands. It is found in all the visual arts. 4. Perspective It deals With the effect Of the distance upon the appearance Of Objects, by means of which the eye judges spatial relationships. It enables us to perceive distance and to see the position of objects in space. There are two kinds of perspective: linear and aerial perspective. To get depth or distance, an artist uses both linear and aerial perspective. 5. Space In painting, as in architecture, space is a great importance, The exterior of a building is seen as it appears in space, while the interior is seen by one who is inside an enclosing space, painting does not deal with space directly, It represents space only on a two-dimensional surface. Sculpture involves versatility space relationship or perception of space. 6. Form Form applies to the over-all design off ivory of art. It describes the structure or shape of an object. Form directs the movements of the eyes. Since form consists of size and volume, it signifies visual weight. 7 _ Volume The term volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions. It therefore refers to solidity or thickness. We perceive volume in two ways: by contour lines or outlines or shapes of objects, and by surface lights and shadows.

Indwelling By Tim Lahaye And Jerry B. Jenkins Is God Vs. Satan Essays

Indwelling By Tim Lahaye And Jerry B. Jenkins Is God Vs. Satan Thesis: The major conflict in the novel The Indwelling by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins is God vs. Satan. The Indwelling is the seventh book in the Left Behind series written by the fiction writer Jerry B. Jenkins and biblical end-times scholar Tim LaHaye. The Left Behind series is about a post-Rapture end-times battle between the believers, the Tribulation Saints, and the Antichrist, Nicolae Carpathia. The conflict is God versus Satan. The major theme of the story is that good always wins in the end. The first example of conflict in The Indwelling is in Tsion Ben-Judah's dreams of the war in heaven and the falling away of Lucifer 242-248. Lucifer is pleading with God to let him have complete control of mankind so he could form an army like none other: 'Abandon them to me, who can fashion them for profit. Even after being called by your name, their natures reek with temporal desires. Allow me to surround myself with these enemies of your cause, and I will marshal them into a force unlike any army you have ever assembled.' From the throne came a voice of such power and authority that volume was irrelevant: 'Thou shalt not touch my beloved!' 245. Lucifer evolves his pleas into threats, threatening to ascend to a throne above that of God's. This is the moment in which Archangel Michael chooses to step in. In this fashion, the war in heaven is waged and Satan with a third of the heavenly host is cast down to the earth. The second example of the God vs. Satan theme is in the killing by incineration of the three regional potentates that oppose Carpathia by Fortunato 350. The reason Fortunato kills the three potentates is that they refuse to bow down and worship the idol of Nicolae Carpathia. The three potentates are believers, which is why they will not bow. The third example of the major conflict is the resurrection and indwelling of Nicolae Carpathia by Satan himself 366. Everything that Satan does is done to further his cause, which is destroying God. By resurrecting the antichrist and indwelling his body, Satan has the ability to directly project his power onto mankind. Nicolae appoints himself as the object of worship of the Enigma Babylon One World Faith and even goes so far as to quote and claim to be Jesus Christ. The subject of The Indwelling is spiritual warfare. Throughout the whole Left Behind series, Satan is continually trying to succeed the throne of God. Book Reports

How to Write an SAT Essay, Step by Step

How to Write an SAT Essay, Step by Step SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Essay writing requires a very specific set of skills. It's a little daunting to think that you only have 50 minutes to read a passage, analyze it, and then write an essay. But don't worry- getting a top SAT essay score is within everyone's reach! The most reliable way to score high is to follow our SAT essay template for every essay and to prepare well beforehand. In this article, we'll show you how to write a great SAT essay. We'll take you through all the steps you need to follow when writing the SAT essay to show you how you can put together a killer essay yourself. If you haven't already, read our article on 15 tips for improving your SAT essay. We'll be using the lessons from that article here in our essay example. Come back to this article afterward. Overview: Before You Start Writing We'll plan and write an essay in response to the sample SAT essay prompt below, using the tips we've shared. If you follow our plan below and practice it to fluency for your 50-minute essay, you're guaranteed a 6/6/6 or above on the SAT essay. Let's start by reading and understanding the prompt: Write an essay in which you explain how Peter S. Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States. In your essay, analyze how Goodman uses one or more of the features listed in the box above (or features of your own choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage. Source: The Official SAT Study Guide; the article referenced in the prompt can also be found (unmodified) online for free here. Hint: Read The Prompt Before Reading The Passage As we mentioned in our 15 SAT essay tips article, the author's argument that you'll be discussing is in the first line of the prompt: "Write an essay in which you explain how Peter S. Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States." This is the argument you need to deconstruct in your essay. Writing an SAT essay consists of four major stages: Reading: 5-10 minutes Analyzing Planning: 7-12 minutes Writing: 25-35 minutes Revising: 2-3 minutes There’s a wide time range for a few of these stages, since people work at different rates. Some people, for instance, will be a lot faster at reading than they are at planning, while it might be the other way around for others. You'll need to find the timing combination that works best for you through a little bit of trial and error. Writing takes the large bulk of the 50 minutes, but reading and analyzing and planning are equally important parts of the SAT essay writing process. Stage 1: Read the Passage (5-10 minutes) There are a couple of different ways to read through the passage on the SAT essay, each with their own advantages. No matter which strategy you use, though, make sure to keep an eye on the time so you don’t run out of time for analyzing and writing! If you can just read straight through the passage without getting too hung up on details, go for it. This strategy works well for students who are naturally fast readers and don't have trouble getting distracted under time pressure. If you’re a slow reader, get anxious about reading in timed situations, or find that the subject matter of the article is confusing, you might want to try skimming the article. You can use similar strategies to those you might use on SAT reading passages. In either case, you'll want to make sure you get a good idea of the way the passage is laid out before you do a detailed pass through it. Why? You'll probably end up reading through parts of the passage multiple times to make sure you fully understand it. Giving the passage a quick read-through before you do any detailed analysis can help cement which parts you'll want to come back to and which parts aren't as important. When you go back do a more detailed reading of the article, sure to keep an eye out for argument-building techniques and to try to remain objective. You may want to circle or underline examples of these techniques as you read, which leads right into the next stage of SAT essay writing. Stage 2: Analyze and Plan (7-12 minutes) Many students resist planning on the SAT Essay because it already feels like there's not enough time to read and write, let alone take away some of that precious time for planning. But take it from us: you're better off with a plan. This is because the SAT essay graders look for a clear structure: introduction, conclusion, and specific evidence in between. It's almost impossible to create this kind of structure and still write quickly without a plan You can write all over the passage as you analyze it – circle or underline key points, scribble in the margins, etc. This way, when you go back to quote the author in your essay, you’re not searching the text for the quote or supporting detail. One way to mark up your passage is by numbering your examples and then circling and numbering any evidence from the passage you’ll be referring to in each paragraph. Another option is to write a brief description of the details from the passage in your planning and outlining, along with the location of the details. Taking this time during the analyzing and planning stage will end up saving you time in the long run. I personally find it helpful to take notes as I read the passage and then organize them into an essay outline. Below are the TOTALLY LEGIBLE notes I took as I was analyzing the passage for the essay prompt: As I was reading the passage, I scribbled down key details and the way I’d use them to support my thesis in the essay. For instance, I wrote, â€Å"last paragraph – We need†¦we need (x4) - overall use of â€Å"we† drawing reader into his POV† in my notes. This describes what I want to talk about (the author's use of the word "We" and "We need"), what it means (it draws the reader into agreeing with his point of view), and where this is illustrated in the passage (last full paragraph). I then organized these notes into some semblance of an outline I could use to plan the organization of my essay. Here's a (rough) transcription of my outline: IntroFacts/evidence-first paragraph stats and facts - to show issue is real, lend credibility-by not explaining has a couple of effects-forces reader to draw own conclusions/think about which draws them into the argument-alt makes reader look to author in rest o/article (b/c had facts at first + so can be trusted)Reasoning-acknowledges counterargument-so very easily could’ve gone on a rant abt twitter which would’ve undercut argument, disconnected from reader-instead, provides examples of when social media has been helpful (Arab Spring)-counterargument is more powerful as a result - take his â€Å"unease† more seriouslyDiction/style-â€Å"We† draws reader in, makes author sympathetic (not lecturing)-contrasts b/t ideal + real, b/t prof + amateur engage reader in the comparison, force to admit author is right-language elsewhere reinforces the idea that prof journalism under siege, words like â€Å"assailing† and â€Å"eroding†Conclusion You can see that in the section labeled â€Å"Diction,† the first point is "We" draws reader in, makes author sympathetic (not lecturing)". You can combine these two steps if you’re comfortable enough doing it; I just find that separating them takes the pressure off to make sure that I take notes in an organized fashion. Stage 3: Write Until 2-3 Minutes Are Left (25-35 minutes) Once you have your analysis and planning done, it’s time to write like the wind. If you’ve taken notes and planned effectively, you should be able to jump right in and not have to go back and forth too much between the text and your essay. Body Paragraphs For most people, writing body paragraphs is easier than writing introductions. If this is the case, start with the body paragraphs, and just leave 10 lines or so at the top of the page to add the introduction later. One example should take up 1-2 paragraphs. Let's use a methodical structure to try out a body paragraph about how the author uses a counterargument to add support to his own claim. The sample paragraphs below are all taken from an essay that I handwrote (and planned) in the 50-minute time limit. Sample Body Paragraph Start with a transition: In addition to employing facts to his argument’s advantage, Goodman also cunningly discusses the counterargument to his position. Then (briefly) introduce your topic: By writing about how social media and man-on-the-ground reporting has assisted the state of foreign news reporting, Goodman heads off naysayers at the pass. Explain the example’s context and relationship to your thesis: It would have been very easy for Goodman to ignore the whole issue of citizen reporting, but the resultant one-sided argument would have been much less convincing. Instead, Goodman acknowledges things like â€Å"the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and reacted to changing circumstances.† As a result, when he partially refutes this counterargument, stating the â€Å"unease† many longtime profession correspondents feel over the trend of ‘citizen journalism’ feel, the reader agrees. Clearly state, in one sentence, how it is proof of your thesis: Knowing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the reader more inclined, in turn, to take Goodman’s concern about the limits of social media seriously. When you put all these pieces together, it’s a winning body paragraph. We start with a smooth transition from the introduction (or previous body paragraph), give enough background to understand why the example is relevant, and then connect it back to the thesis for the knockout punch. Try to read through this again so the structure really makes sense to you. Notice how this is formulaic – every one of your body paragraphs can be written in this structure, and you’ll get an excellent score! Having a structure like this will make many students less anxious about the new SAT essay. You’d then go through the above process with the other 1-2 examples. In some cases, one very good example of the way the author builds his/her argument can be enough, if you can write 2-3 relevant paragraphs about it without repeating yourself. But having two examples is usually safer, because it gives you a better chance to show how well you've understood the passage. Introduction and Conclusion After finishing your body paragraphs, don't forget your introduction and conclusion paragraphs. Both should briefly mention the author’s argument and the examples you're using to support your thesis, but everything else is up to you. Some students write about the concept in general, and others just try to restate the thesis in different ways. Even a couple of sentences is better than nothing- try to scribble something in even if you're running out of time. Sample Introduction Paragraph In the article â€Å"Foreign News at a Crisis Point,† Peter S. Goodman eloquently argues the point that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to people in the United States. Goodman builds his argument by using facts and evidence, addressing the counterarguments, and couching it all in persuasive and compelling language. Stage 4: Revise (2-3 Minutes) Much like planning on the SAT essay, revision seems unnecessary to most students. But trust us, it will help your score. There are two reasons for this: Revising helps you change up your vocabulary and fix mistakes and/or illegible words If you know you’ll revise, you can write much faster because you don’t have to worry about making it perfect On the SAT essay, you can cross out words that you don’t want the grader to read. You don’t need to waste time erasing them, unless you want to replace them with something else. So what do you do when you revise? Well, let’s take the body paragraph we wrote earlier and revise it. New text is bolded. In addition to employing facts to his argument’s advantage, Goodman also cunningly discusses the counterargument to his position. By writing about how social media and man-on-the-ground reporting has assisted had some positive impact on the state of foreign news reporting, Goodman heads off naysayers at the pass. It would have been very easy for Goodman to ignore elide over the whole issue of citizen reporting, but the resultant one-sided argument would have been much less convincing. Instead, Goodman acknowledges things like â€Å"the force of social media during the Arab Spring, as activists convened and reacted to changing circumstances.† As a result, when he partially refutes this counterargument, stating his the â€Å"unease† many for longtime profession correspondents feel over the trend of ‘citizen journalism’ feel, the reader agrees. is much more likely to believe him. After all, Goodman acknowledges that social media does have some power. Kn owing that Goodman takes the power of social media seriously will make the reader more inclined, in turn, to take Goodman’s concern about the limits of social media seriously. At this point, you’ll have a complete winning essay. Want to see what this essay looks like put all together? Read our article on how to get a perfect 8 on the SAT essay. Our goal here was to show you how formulaic the SAT essay can be. By making the essay more predictable, you’ll go into every test with a game plan in mind, making the essay much easier (and less scary!). Information Fall-Out: Buckminster Fuller's World Game by Columbia GSAPP, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped and resized from original. "Guys guys guys! I figured out a plan for the SAT essay!" Where to Go From Here Now you know how to write an SAT essay. To put this information to good use, you need to practice with real SAT essay prompts. We’ve written the most comprehensive guide to SAT essay topics and prompts here. Aiming for a perfect SAT essay score? Read our guides to get strategies on how to get an 8/8/8 on your SAT essay. And if you haven’t read our 15 SAT essay tips article yet, do so now! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Managing Financial Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Financial Resources - Essay Example Proper accounting supports company officials while they make these decisions, showing them whether or not an investment will be practical, and if the company can afford it. Ethical and professional accounting forms a clear financial image of a business, and allows managers to make informed decisions, keeps investors abreast of developments in the business, and keeps the business profitable. The business performance of a company can be monitored and analysed with the use of accounting ratios. The ratios are used to interpret financial information about the company. The results can be compared with past results or with industry standards to gauge the company's overall performance. The quantitative results for this segment can be found in the Appendices section of this report. Company A's Current Ratio is 1.17, while Company B has 1.03 and Company C resulted in 2.5. This means that all three companies are still able to generate enough cash to settle its short-term liabilities. As a guide, a current ratio of 2 is ideal. For Company C, its result is higher than the ideal guideline and this suggests that Company C may have resources lying idle, for instance, the untimely collection of its receivables. A better ratio to consider when looking at the liquidity of the companies would be the Liquidity Ratio. This ratio does not take into account the companies' stocks, which can be difficult to value and which can be obsolete. Debt-Equity Ratio This assesses the financial risk of a company. A high gearing ratio poses risks if a company is unable to meet its financial obligations as this can very well lead to bankruptcy. Therefore, it is important that this is constantly monitored. Debt-Equity Ratio = Total Long Term Debt / Total Equity The Gearing Ratios for all Companies A, B and C are quite low at 9.2%, 8.1% and 15.4% respectively and the results should not cause an alarm. However, it is good to note that the companies should have a balanced mix of equity and debt to finance its operations. Return on Asset There are several ratios available that can measure the ability of a company to generate profits from its sales. These include Gross Profit Margin, Return on Assets and Return on Equity. A good profit margin is essential in any form of business to ensure there is always enough cash to run its operations. Thus, it is also important that receivables are collected on a timely basis. Return on Asset is a type of profitability ratio and measures the level of profit compared to the value of net assets invested in your business. Return on Assets = Net Income / Total Assets The profitability of all three companies is sound. The Return on Assets are 1.7%, 1.3% and 3.3% for Companies A, B and C respectively. It can be seen that Company C generates the highest return on its assets, whereas Companies A and B are